pip命令使用详解
windows下pip的安装
其实在windows下是默认安装了pip工具的,只是没有将其所在目录加入Path,导致命令查找不到。


将python安装目录下的Scripts目录加入环境变量Path中即可。
Linux执行下面命令即可完成安装
# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
# python get-pip.py
pip使用
列出已安装的包
pip freeze or pip list
导出 requirements.txt
pip freeze > <目录>/requirements.txt
安装包
在线安装
pip install <包名> 或 pip install -r requirements.txt
# 安装1.9版本的django
pip install django==1.9
# 安装版本号大于1.9的django,注意有引号
pip install "django>1.9"
pip install "django>=1.9"
pip install "django<1.9"
pip install "django<=1.9"
pip install "django><1.9"
requirements.txt 内容格式为:
APScheduler==2.1.2
Django==1.5.4
MySQL-Connector-Python==2.0.1
MySQL-python==1.2.3
PIL==1.1.7
South==1.0.2
django-grappelli==2.6.3
django-pagination==1.0.7
安装本地安装包
pip install package_name
pip install <目录>/<文件名> 或 pip install --use-wheel --no-index --find-links=wheelhouse/ <包名>
<包名> 前有空格
可简写为
pip install --no-index -f=<目录>/ <包名>
卸载包
pip uninstall <包名> 或 pip uninstall -r requirements.txt
pip uninstall package_name
升级包
pip install -U <包名>
pip install --upgrade package_name
升级 pip
pip install -U pip
显示包所在的目录
pip show -f <包名>
pip show --files package_name
搜索包
pip search <搜索关键字>
查询可升级的包
pip list -o
pip list --outdated
下载包而不安装
pip install <包名> -d <目录> 或 pip install -d <目录> -r requirements.txt
打包
pip wheel <包名>
更换国内 pypi 镜像
国内 pypi 镜像
- 豆瓣:https://pypi.douban.com/simple
- 中国科学技术大学:https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/
- 清华大学 TUNA:https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/
指定单次安装源
pip install <包名> -i http://pypi.v2ex.com/simple
指定全局安装源
在 unix 和 macos,配置文件为:$HOME/.pip/pip.conf
在 windows 上,配置文件为:%HOME%\pip\pip.ini
[global]
timeout = 6000
index-url = http://pypi.douban.com/simple
使用pip –help命令可以查看pip帮助手册
# pip --help
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages. 安装包
download Download packages. 下载包
uninstall Uninstall packages. 卸载包
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format. 按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
list List installed packages. 列出已安装包
show Show information about installed packages. 显示包详细信息
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.检查包的依赖关系是否完整
config Manage local and global configuration.管理配置
search Search PyPI for packages.搜索包
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.计算包的hash值
completion A helper command used for command completion.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort).
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output
参考:https://me.iblogc.com/2015/01/01/pip%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4/