浏览器自动化 - 全流程代码示例

 如果对xpath有疑问，可以看前面文章介绍，如果获取xpath。简单来讲，打开浏览器开发者模式，右键元素，复制xpath即可。

• 获取driver
• 登录与验证
• <iframe>标签的切换 
• 输入文本
• 下拉选项选择
• 点击查询按钮
• 截屏保存
• 清除cookies退出浏览器

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import time

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from pathlib import Path


urls = {
    'login': 'https://***.***.***.***'
}

login_info = {
    'username': '***',
    'password': '***'
}

project_name = '***'


def get_driver():
    # chromedriver是当前路径，已经下载好的chrome驱动。
    chromedriver = 'chromedriver'
    # 配置对象
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    # 取消用户名密码保存的浏览器提示
    prefs = {"profile.password_manager_enabled": False, "credentials_enable_service": False}
    # 取消用户名密码保存的浏览器提示
    options.add_experimental_option("prefs", prefs)
    # 隐藏“Chrome正受到自动测试软件的控制。”
    options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver, options=options)
    # 隐式等0.5秒
    driver.implicitly_wait(0.5)
    driver.maximize_window()
    return driver


def login(driver):
    # 自动登录UC
    driver.get(urls['login'])
    # 定位用户名输入框
    username = driver.find_element(By.NAME, value='tbxUserName')
    # 清空输入框的内容
    username.clear()
    # 输入用户名
    username.send_keys(login_info['username'])
    # 定位密码输入框
    password = driver.find_element(By.NAME, value='tbxPassword')
    # 输入密码
    password.send_keys(login_info['password'])

    # 如果有验证码，可以使用下面方法
    # captcha_xpath = ''
    # wait_xpath(driver, captcha_xpath)
    # captcha = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=captcha_xpath)
    # code = input('验证码：')
    # captcha.send_keys(code)

    # 在浏览器开发者工具模式下，可以通过找到你想要操作的元素(登录按钮)，然后选择复制--> XPath。
    login_xpath = '//*[@id="btnLogin"]'
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=login_xpath).click()

    pop_close_xpath = '//*[@id="form1"]/div[3]/div[1]/span'
    wait_xpath(driver, pop_close_xpath)
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=pop_close_xpath).click()
    time.sleep(1)


def display_all_project(driver):
    # 切入<iframe>标签
    navi_pane_id = 'left_frame'
    driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element(By.ID, value=navi_pane_id))
    project_mgt = '//*[@id="dd0"]/div[7]/a[2]'
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=project_mgt).click()
    query_all_projects = '//*[@id="sd31"]'
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=query_all_projects).click()


def input_project_name(driver, project_name):
    # 回到主<iframe>标签
    driver.switch_to.parent_frame()
    content_frame_id = 'right_frame'
    driver.switch_to.frame(driver.find_element(By.ID, value=content_frame_id))
    project_input = '//*[@id="txtProjectName"]'
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=project_input).send_keys(project_name)


def select_option(driver):
    # 选择下拉框
    mark_xpath = '//*[@id="dropStage_txtMain"]'
    mark = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=mark_xpath)
    # 将鼠标指针移动到mark元素上，执行单击操作
    ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(mark).click(mark).perform()
    # 下拉框中的选项位置
    mark_index_xpath = '//*[@id="dropStage_chkItemText0"]'
    mark_index = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=mark_index_xpath)
    # 选择下拉框中的选项
    ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(mark_index).click(mark_index).perform()


def click_query(driver):
    query_button = '//*[@id="btnSearch"]'
    driver.find_element(By.XPATH, value=query_button).click()


def screenshot(driver):
    # 保存截图
    dir = Path('screenshot')
    if not dir.is_dir():
        dir.mkdir(parents=True)
    now = str(int(time.time()))
    imgpath = dir.joinpath(f'{now}.png')
    driver.save_screenshot(str(imgpath))


def clear(driver):
    # 清空所有Cookie
    driver.delete_all_cookies()
    # 退出浏览器
    driver.quit()


def wait_xpath(driver, xpath):
    try:
        # 显示等待10s，每秒判断元素是否加载完成
        WebDriverWait(driver, 15, 1).until(
            lambda x: x.find_element(By.XPATH, value=xpath)
        )
    except Exception as e:
        raise e


if __name__ == '__main__':
    driver = get_driver()
    login(driver)
    display_all_project(driver)
    input_project_name(driver, project_name)
    select_option(driver)
    click_query(driver)
    screenshot(driver)
    clear(driver)